What You Need to Know About Mastitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Breastfeeding is no easy feat, full of challenges and trial and error. One challenge that may arise is a condition known as mastitis. Mastitis is a painful and sometimes debilitating inflammation of the breast tissue that affects many breastfeeding mothers. It can be a frustrating and painful experience, but the good news is that it is treatable with a combination of self-care measures and medical interventions. In this blog post, we will discuss in detail what mastitis is, how to recognize it, and how to effectively treat it to continue on your breastfeeding journey with ease.

What Is Mastitis?

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, which usually results from a blocked milk duct or milk stasis. When a milk duct becomes blocked, milk can build up and create a warm, moist environment that is conducive to bacterial growth. The bacteria can then cause an infection in the breast tissue, resulting in mastitis. This blockage can be caused by various factors, including poor latch or positioning during breastfeeding, infrequent breastfeeding or pumping, abrupt weaning, wearing tight-fitting clothing or bras, and using restrictive breastfeeding positions. It’s also more common in mothers who are already fatigued or have a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of Mastitis

Recognizing the signs of mastitis early is important for implementing treatment and correction before the problem can worsen. Women suffering from mastitis often note breast pain or tenderness that is localized to one area of the breast. There is a burning sensation while breastfeeding and pumping. The affected breast is usually also swollen or red and warm to the touch. A hard lump or area of thickened tissue in the breast may be present and there might be nipple discharge that is white or contains pus. Women with mastitis also report flu-like symptoms such as a fever, chills, or fatigue.

Treatment Options For Mastitis

Mastitis can be treated effectively, and there are several options available. The primary treatment goal is to clear the infection and relieve symptoms. Here are some ways to treat mastitis:

1. Continue breastfeeding or pumping: Despite the pain, it is important to continue breastfeeding or pumping to prevent engorgement, which can worsen the infection. Frequent feeding or pumping can also help to clear the infection faster.

2. Rest and hydration: Get plenty of rest, and stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of fluids can help you feel better and support your immune system.

3. Pain relief: Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help alleviate pain and reduce fever.

4. Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to the affected breast can help relieve pain and swelling. You can use a warm, damp cloth or a specially designed breast pad that can be warmed in the microwave.

5. Antibiotics: If the infection is not improving or if it is severe, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics, even if you start feeling better.

6. Empty the breast: Make sure to completely empty the breast during each feeding or pumping session. This helps to ensure that milk does not build up and worsen the infection.

If you have recurrent mastitis, it may be necessary to work with a lactation consultant to address any underlying issues that may be contributing to the problem. In rare cases, if an abscess forms, it may need to be drained surgically.

Mastitis Prevention Methods

The best way to avoid getting mastitis is through prevention. Here are several preventative steps you can implement into your daily life to help reduce your chances of developing mastitis. It’s important to note that even with these preventive measures, some women may still develop mastitis.

1. Ensure proper breastfeeding technique: Make sure your baby is latching on correctly and draining the breast fully during each feeding. You can seek the help of a lactation consultant or healthcare provider if you’re unsure about the proper technique.

2. Avoid tight clothing: Tight bras or clothing can restrict milk flow and increase the risk of developing mastitis.

3. Keep your breasts clean: Take a shower or bathe regularly to keep your breasts clean. Avoid harsh soaps that can dry out your skin.

4. Rest and stay hydrated: Get enough rest and drink plenty of fluids to help your body fight off infections.

5. Avoid prolonged engorgement: If you’re unable to breastfeed or pump for an extended period, use a warm compress or take a warm shower to help relieve engorgement and prevent milk from backing up in your breasts.

Mastitis can be a challenging and painful experience for breastfeeding mothers, but it is treatable with the appropriate interventions. Remember to seek medical advice if you suspect you have mastitis, as it can quickly worsen if left untreated. Take care of yourself by getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and using pain relief measures as needed. With proper treatment, most women with mastitis will fully recover and can continue to breastfeed their babies. If you have any concerns about mastitis or breastfeeding in general, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider or a lactation consultant for guidance and support.